Pygmalion free essay sample

The distinctive voices, characteristic in any text/s, can be deconstructed to develop an understanding which may validate, challenge or disprove society’s values and/or beliefs within a given context. Language, in all its forms, is a human thing, and allows the traces or imprints of human use, not inherently but in its use. A text may promote obvious distinction between the authorial voice and characters viewpoint. This can be seen in the play of Pygmalion in by George Bernard shaw and the film Pleasantville directed by Gary Ross.Both of these texts show distinctive voices through dialogue the use of dialogue which highlights the relationships and differences between characters. Pygmalion is a play in five acts. It is about a young woman named Eliza Doolittle who sells flowers on the side of the street. She is very poor and badly spoken. She meets Mr. Higgins who is a phonetician (an expert in the spoken English Language). We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In act 1 her distinctive voices described as needing to wash her hair, dirty compared to the other ladies and dressed in a shoddy coat and coarse skirt.Her social class is also revealed in her manner of speaking. She uses colloquial language, contracts words into one and has a distinct cockney accent. An example of this can be seen in her first line of the play:†There’s menner f’yer! Te-oo branches o voylets trod into the mad† In this line Eliza created a contraction â€Å"f’yer†. She also used the incorrect tense when she said ‘trod†. Some of her words are expressed using the phonetic alphabet to give the impression of how they would sound. While she does so another member of the lower class draws her attention to a who is making note of everything she says.Eliza became quite distressed because she was afraid that she was going to be accused of prostitution. Her distress is shown through her repetition of I’m a good girl† and her cries like ‘ah-ow-ooh†. Her reaction demonstrates her vulnerability as a young woman from the lower classes. She has very little money but treasures her respectability, a charge of prositution would be damaging to her character and lower any opportunity for future advancement. This is a very significant scene because it introduces many of the key characters and establishes the plot which is based on Eliza’s training to behave like a woman. More importantly, this scene establishes Eliza’s voice. Her voice is emblematic of her low social class. Her vocabulary is limited. Her pronunciation is dreadful and she speaks with a cockney accent. Her voice at this point defines her identity. Eliza’s voice changes as the story progresses which is used to send a message about society. Eliza is dressed and tutored by Mr. higgins in order to appear like a lady. After a great deal of work she is mistaken for a foreign princess at a ball due to her excellent pronunciation.However, it is not until Act IV when she stands up to Mr. Higgins that she truly adopts her own distinctive voice. An example of this can be seen when she says â€Å"what’s to become of me? What’s to become of me†. This quote use rhetorical question and repetition to demonstrate her distressed state and also to show that she is thinking for herself and questioning the authority of Mr higgins. Shortly after she says â€Å" I said flowers. I didn’t sell myself. Now you’ve made a lady of me I’m not fit for anything else. I wish you’d left me where you’d found me. In this comment she juxtaposes her life before and after the experiment to compare the two and demonstrate that her options have been limited by participating in the experiment . These quotes display that she has learnt the right way to speak so that her social class has been disguised. This is a very significant scene in the play because it is the moment when Eliza truly finds her voice. Her manner of speaking is forceful and calculated which reveals her intelligence and sense of independence. She shows that beneath the appearance of a lady she is still the same person.She demands answers and takes control of her situation. This is the moment when she uses her voice to reclaim control over her life. Another distinctive voice in Pymalion is that Henry Higgins . is an important character in the play as he is Eliza’s tutor. He Is an expert in phonetics and is very proud of his skill and his ability to transform Eliza into a lady. However he fails to follow the rules of social conduct when they are out in public. This is evident in Act III when he was rude to the hostess saying: â€Å"fearful bore for you this sort of thing.Forgive my part in it†. However he is most rough with Eliza. His voice is characterised by the severe tone, high volume and use of profanity or insults. He also uses a harsh tone, particularly when talking to Eliza e. g â€Å"You won my bet! You! Presumptuous insect! / I won it. † In this quote he uses exclamations, repetition and italics to show his emotion. This quote uses exclamations and repetition of you to emphasise his emotion. He also uses the metaphor of Eliza as an insect to communicate his anger but also create the sense that she is small and meaningless.This quote shows his inability to acknowledge that eliza worked hard for the bet. â€Å" Damn Mrs. pearce ; and damn the coffee; and damn you: and wildly damn my own folly in having lavished my hard-earned knowledge and the treasure of my regard and intimacy on a heartless guttersnipe†. At this point Mr. Higgins has truly lost his temper. This is shown in the repetition of the curse â€Å"damn†. He has been hurt by what Eliza has said because he believes that she is ungrateful. Eliza has won the argument by making him lose his temper. He leaves in fury.This is another example of how tone, language choice and language devices can be used to create a individual voices. 22 is a song by Lily allen shows how dialogue can create a distinctive voice. It compares the optimistic plans and attitude of a yound and attractive 22 year old, to her 30 year old self. It is a song about disappointed dreams as she does not achieve what she hoped to and does not understand where her life went to wrong. The primary voice in the song is the narrator who describes her past and present self. The song begins with the juxtaposition of her young and old self.The young version had a world of opportunity open to her, the old version has past her prime and does not how to she got so lost. The choice of bright and night create an image in the reader’s mind and that she has moved from the light to the dark, from something good into something bad (imagery). Through the third person omniscient narration the reader learns about the thoughts, feelings and aspirations of the woman at different points in her life. The chorus gives us the voice of society which claims that her life is over because she is a woman who has passed a certain age. It also make use of juxtaposition to contrast her hopes as a 22 year old to the reality as a 30 year old. The chorus is repeated three times, this, this use of repetition is required for the structure of a song and it emphaises the power of the voice of society. Another strong voice in the poem is the voice of society. The voice of society is shown in the chorus. The voice of society says that at 30 she has reached her expiration date, she will not get a career or a husband if she has not already. The voice of society suggests that once she reaches a certain age she has lost her good looks and has no bright opportunities.The voice of society is a strong influence and its significance is emphasised as the chorus is repeated. The repetition of the chorus draws attention to society’s view and grants it power. The voice is an important tool that can be used to empower people, however it can also disempower people by revealing information about the past. In the song 22 by lily allen shows the voice of a bright, optimistic young woman, the voice of a downtrodden and disillusioned older woman and the overpowering voice of society.This song relates to Pygmalion because both texts deal with a young woman bound by the expectations of society. The voices of the main characters initially disempower them because they mark them as a outsiders who do not belong in Pleasantville. However, bud’s speech at the end of the film uses passion and inspiration to gain support. These distinctive voices reveal how spoken language can authorize characters and define their characteristics. This is imaginable through a range of language and aural techniques.

Euphoria

Euphoria Euphoria Euphoria By Maeve Maddox This word from the Greek referred originally to the ease and comfort felt by people who enjoy good health. The Greek elements are eu (well) and pherein (to bear/carry). Etymologically, euphoria is a feeling of well-being. The earliest use of euphoria in English (1684) is as a medical term. The right medicine could produce a feeling of euphoria in a sick person (i.e., make a sick person feel well). The adjective, introduced in 1888, is euphoric: euphoric: characterized by a feeling of well-being, cheerful; also, producing or causing cheerfulness. In modern usage, euphoria refers to a heightened feeling of well-being, such as the phenomenon referred to as â€Å"runner’s high†: runners high   (noun): a feeling of well-being or euphoria resulting from physical exercise, especially running. M-W Online defines euphoria as: â€Å"a feeling of well-being or elation; especially one that is groundless, disproportionate to its cause, or inappropriate to one’s life situation.† Here are some examples of usage from the Web: The few truly euphoric moments Ive experienced as a Steelers  fan The [prayer-induced] experience lasted probably only a second or two, but after it left my body I was left with this euphoria. Almost feeling like I was floating. At 2:49 p.m. on Monday, city native George Lobaton experienced the euphoria of crossing the finish line of the 26.2-mile Boston Marathon. What is it like to finish a novel? The first time you do it, you feel utter euphoria, and you should.   For [Ebola] survivors, the euphoria of having beaten the disease is soon followed by the battle to live with the stigma. [Volunteers helping the homeless] experience the euphoria that comes from doing something good for someone who can’t help you in return. Euphoria doesn’t last. The verbs commonly used to indicate its passing or dissolution are dissipate, evaporate, wear off, die down, and fade: Now that the euphoria has  worn off the cold hard facts remain. But now the euphoria has  subsided and the market [has undergone] a painful correction.   But now the euphoria has  faded - partly no doubt because Spain is settling down to normal democratic apathy   Now the euphoria has died down, its back to business as usual. Unfortunately, that euphoria typically dissipates when companies realize that the cloud technology they’ve invested in isn’t as easy or reliable as they thought it would be. But little remains of the euphoria from those winter days when the beginning of a new era seemed to be dawning in Ukraine. That euphoria, however, has evaporated. Here are some other nouns to name feelings of happiness and well-being: elation happiness joy delight glee excitement exhilaration jubilation exultation ecstasy bliss rapture Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking50 Types of Propaganda40 Idioms with First

Market Segmentation & Product Brand strategy Essay

Market Segmentation & Product Brand strategy - Essay Example he delivery of orders (planes) and financing problems have reduced the profits for both the above suppliers (Tuggle 2009); however, the intervention of IATA in the reduction of supply chain costs in the US airline industry helped the industry to save about $17 billion in supply chain costs – helping the industry to face the effects of the global crisis (Clark 2011); b) power of customers; customers in the airline industry can choose among the industry’s firms, even if the availability of choices has been reduced due to the increase of M&A (see Graph 1 below); c) industry’s competition; competition in the US airline industry has been limited because of the expansion of mergers and acquisitions; the specific problem is clear in Graph 1 below; in 2010, the number of firms in the US airline industry has been reduced, allowing the existing firms to set easier their rules regarding the industry’s prices and priorities. On the other hand, from 2007 onwards, the industry’s profits have been negatively influenced because of the global crisis; in 2009, the specific industry reported a loss of $4 billion (Bozzo 2010); in 2010, the industry’s profits helped the airlines to cover the relevant loss – even partially; d) substitute products; substitute products are a common phenomenon in the airline industry. Customers who cannot afford to pay the high prices of well known airlines, can choose among low-fare airlines – even with lower quality of services (Zacks Equity Research 2011), e) new entrants; the operational costs of firms in the airline industry can be high; new entrants are difficult to threaten the industry’s existing firms. However, the increase of the power of existing competitors – through mergers – could be considered as a major threat for the industry’s firms. The view that supplier power is somewhat weak reflects the current status of competition in the airline industry. Indeed, Airbus and Boeing are the key suppliers in the particular

Organizing and paying for American Eduction Essay

Organizing and paying for American Eduction - Essay Example If we talk about American educational structure, we observe that initial education involves kindergarten, nurseries, preschools, and day care centers. Then comes the primary education that consists of grades 1 to 7. Then, the middle education is offered which includes grades 4 to 8. After that, high schools include grades 8 to 12. After passing high schools, the student enters the University for higher education. A typical American school has a principal who runs the school primarily, an assistant principal, secretaries, coordinators, department heads, teachers, librarians, a physician in case of emergency, and canteen operators. The American Government arranges funds for its education sector through taxes which give enough revenue to run the institutions. The taxes include property tax, sales tax, income tax, and prize bonds. The government provides general funding which is equally distributed among all institutions; and, categorical funding which the provider provides for some part icular educational programs. However, it is a big challenge for the government to show to their public and local districts how properly the revenue obtained through taxes is spent on education because often local districts have to spend from their own pockets for the maintenance of institutions.

Spiders Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spiders - Research Proposal Example eight legs (Rollman and Taverna, 2008). It does not have a mouth to chew and it does not have wings which are common to other insects. Spiders produce silk but all spiders do not produce webs to hunt for other insects. Spider silk is also used by the creature for many other purposes such as climbing, building egg sacs, as well as immobilizing other creatures (Australian Museum, 2002). Their magnificent capabilities of adapting to new situations were tested in space as well where it was found that spiders could continue to spin their webs even without gravity once they had adapted to the environment (Wikipedia, 2008). This adaptation and the wide variety of spiders in the world also means that they are found all over the landmass of the planet from the jungles of brazil to the frozen tundra. Spiders have been found in deserts, near rivers, in densely populated cities and in the grasslands. They are found on all continents of the world and their habitat extends the planet (Australian Museum, 2002). The variety of the places they are found in is also reflected in the manner in which they mate since certain female spider species have been known to kill the male before or during the mating session which increases the chances of the male being the only one to mate with the female (Wikipedia, 2008). Beyond this aspect of their existence, certain spiders have also developed special adaptations which let them become better hunters or give them better chances of mating. For example, spiders which hunt near water may use bell shaped webs that are able to trap insects on the surface of the water. Some types of spiders have abandoned making webs altogether and have evolved into creatures that chase down their prey to hunt it (Wikipedia, 2008). Certain species of spiders also exhibit social behaviors such as living in a colony of thousands. In terms of size, depending on the environment they are in, spiders range from

Photography Representation of Reality

Photography Representation of Reality Introduction:- When we look into a photograph; we often tend to forget that this is not an image taken by a camera rather its a moment of a living being captured rather trapped forever. In china its a belief that photographs trap soul of a person; maybe its a myth or maybe its true also. Isnt it true that its stealing the very essence of your life for that particular fraction of time? A photographer or a painter tries to tell the entire story of life, happiness, misery, joy, patience, grace and all the possible human emotions encapsulated in one frame. This is the masterpiece which he tries to recreate his entire life. Photography emerged from Europe in early 19th century when concepts of positivist science came into focus. Positivism believes that the empirical truths can be established by visual evidence only. Empirical truths are facts that can be established through experimentation by recreating the circumstances for identical outcomes. In context of positivism the camera was taken to be a scientific tool for registering reality. Positivist theory believed that a photograph is not subjective to the psychology of the photographer but is subjective to the viewer who interprets the photo. Most of the time we see an image and we always co-relate it with ourselves , how it is connected to us what is the relation it has got with our lives; these are the general questions which comes in our mind while interoperating any image shown on newspaper, magazine or Television. Every image tries to tell some story behind it and it is mainly depends on person to person how they interpret it , because it could carry different meanings to the different people what kind of aesthetic values and taste they have got, what cultural, educational background they hold to understand its meaning and effects. â€Å" Photography transformed subject into object , and even one might say , into a museum object: in order to take the first portrait (around 1840) the subject had to assume long poses under a glass roof in bright sunlight ; to become an object made one suffer as much as a surgical operation ; then a device was invented , a kind of prosthesis invisible to the lens , which supported and maintained the body in its passage to immobility: this headrest was the pedestal of the statue i would become, the corset of my imaginary essence.† Roland Barthes (1982), Camera Lucida: Reflection on Photography: (Fontana Paperbacks).p.13 As said by Roland Barthes a French theorist; photography makes subject into an object and photographer always plays with his surgical devices like selection, framing and personalization to make it more attractive. It can be done through lots of technical knowledge and techniques. In this commercial world of advertisements, movies and magazines everything is sold by selling emotions shown in the images. The photographer has to perform as an art director who tries to sell the emotions through his graphical effects on masses. That is why success of famous brands and popularity of magazines and newspapers is mainly dependant on powerful images .The image values count on its being unique, powerful, strange, shocking, adventures, different, rare. According to Roland there are two levels of meaning of an image; a denotative and a connotative meaning of an image. An image can denote certain apparent truths. Denotative meaning means literal, descriptive meaning. However the same image can connote culturally specific meaning. Connotative meaning depends on cultural and historical context of the image which the viewers themselves have experienced. In other words its the viewers own interpretation of image based on their own experiences and beliefs in the cultural environment the viewer is living. Hence an image which is just a representation of reality actually invokes facts which are deeper than visible. â€Å"In Barthes model , in addition to the two levels of meaning of denotation and connotation , that is the sign , which is composed of the signifier and signified , which is the concept evoked by that word/image . in the Benetton ad, one interpretation could be that the burning car is the signifier and terrorism is the signified .The image (or word) and its meaning together (the signifier and signified together form the sign. Image/ sound word Signifier Meaning Signified = Sign†- Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright(2001), Practices of looking: An Introduction to Visual culture(Oxford: Oxford University Press), P.19 So every image has got one signifier and its meaning which we interpret is a signified which is equal to sign that means every image make us think what is the hidden meaning behind it, and most of the time photographer try to give that sign in that image or text which we see in newspapers, magazines or in television commercials. In still photography photographer try to give these effects by showing certain degree of subjectivity and objectivity it directly hits the conscious mind and also try to hit the sub-conscious mind of the interpreter. In most of the advertisement emphasis is given on masculinity and genders like Marlboro ads they always feature a cowboy going on a horse they both are signifier of power and masculinity, where a cowboy is shown on top of hill taking drags of cigarette on top of hill, Most of the under wear ads man is shown as powerful by showing features of his body and masculinity it creates a kind of attraction, but in real world who wears underwear is not alw ays as powerful as shown in these ads. People always try to co-relate themselves with these models. In female accessories advertisements model is always beautiful looking full of life wearing a good dress and using some products where they show she has become more beautiful after wearing certain product this image always leads to the kind of desire to look more beautiful. Photographer is always paid to create these kinds of powerful images to lure target audience. Still photography can create shock, adventure, fascination, disgust, anger, confusion. The photograph taken by weegee in 1940s image of a school children who see a murder in the street captured a fascination in that childs eyes which fascinates the interpreter in a same way the child is fascinated by that scene. Still photography of nude woman or a man is always a simple object of sex; there is no subjectivity involved. It does not give anything myth it is never shocking or adventurous it is just taken to create desire to have sex. Barthess concepts are particularly applicable on examining the photographic truth; however its not very much applicable on film images and television news images. As in those cases it is the music and the sequence of frames which decides the meaning rather than a particular frame. Ideology plays a very important role in how an image is perceived by a viewer. Ideologies are system of beliefs that exists in all culture. It is a broad, shared sets of values and beliefs through which an individual lives in sets on complex social relationships. An ideology gives the viewer the perception to view image of a partially filled glass as ‘half filled or ‘half empty. Ideology goes hand in hand with Barthes concept to denote the meaning of an image. Ideologies plays major role in interpretation of images it is different for different cultures based on their beliefs and values the way they live their life in particular society. One particular image can be adopted by one society or ideology but it could be taboo for another group of people. Like a picture of a pig on school books or images is very normal for one group of society but it could be understood as a taboo in Muslim Ideologies. In this case I can say perspective of the people differs from one society or ideology to another and this is a major fact how it is going to control the success of that image. Beliefs and set of rules is the major factor in interpretation of images and videos. â€Å"Photography is a kind primitive theatre, a kind of Tableau Vivant, a figuration of the motionless and made up face beneath which we see dead†- Roland Barthes (1982), Camera Lucida: Reflection on Photography: (Fontana Paperbacks).p.32 In old time people used to play the characters of the plays where they used to show their emotions by showing different expressions and the objective was to create drama in front of the public to bring out those emotions which was the requirement of the play but inside their make-ups and dresses they are not the same people which they portray in theatre .so as said by barthes Photography is also kind of theatre where people poses and try to imitate themselves by showing best out of them the full smiling faces if it is a photograph of a family everybody will stand closer to each other holding hands hugging and kissing so in photographs people try to show what meaning in should convey to the viewer it does not matter how much do they love each other or hate each other in reality. â€Å"Charles Pierce worked with a somewhat different model in which the signifier ( Word/ Image ) is distinguished not only from the signified (meaning) but also from the referent , or the object itself . In addition pierce defined categories of signs based on different kinds of relationship between signifiers and signified, for instance pierce made a distinction between indexical, iconic, and symbolic signs.† Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright(2001), Practices of looking: An Introduction to Visual culture(Oxford: Oxford University Press), P.20 Iconic and symbolic signs always plays a major role in Image world , For an example picture of mother and child always gives the straight meaning of motherhood , love and affection it is universal it is understood in all the languages and by all the people. Picture of famous actress Marilyn Monroe is an iconic symbol of sex and beauty since long time her iconic image hasnt changed. In every picture the reality and representation is not necessarily same some pictures the way they are taken and how a photographer represents it in the front of viewers is entirely dependent on his skills how he is going to personalize the particular event and by doing selection and framing how it looks like; Here comes the manipulation part every picture is not presented just as an object to create subjectivity he has to understand the right angle positions and framing. This thing is very common in commercial world of advertisements and movie making, director always target some audience and he raises certain issues to think what impact it will give after adding sound and visual effects and graphical effects. In silent movies everything is expressed by showing emotions and body gesture of the characters. In Advertisement of Benetton where a black lady is nursing a white baby gives direct impact of racism where in connotes lots of meaning to different group of people and every time t his picture says different stories some people might interpret it is based on unity, slavery or other general issues. In Advertisement of Hdfc bank they portray image of different people from different countries that means they are not catering one part of the world they are ready to serve people from different parts, cultural background and societies here comes the personalization. Every frame, color coding and background contributes to its meaning to different people. Manipulation of Images is very common now days so we cannot say that it is a piece of evidence , techniques are used to show the different things in different way emphasis is given how to create it more powerful the maximum impact on masses. The value of image is mainly its authenticity, true emotions, and hidden meanings. In television and news papers its value is how fast an issue has been covered and the channels those show the latest news or current events before any other channel becomes authentic news channel; so success of every news, advertisement or movie is based on its authenticity how it impresses viewers and how real it looks. Summary: To interpret images we need to examine the visual language the image is speaking. The image contains layers of truth and it relies in the viewers capacity to decode the language its trying to ‘speak. Reading and interpreting images is one way that we as viewers contribute by assign our culture to the interpreted meaning. Hence an image is a composite of subjective and objective meanings as said by Marita Sturken References: Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright(2001), Practices of looking: An Introduction to Visual culture(Oxford: Oxford University Press), P.20 Roland Barthes (1982), Camera Lucida: Reflection on Photography: (Fontana Paperbacks).p.32

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay -- Medieval

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators. Guinevere from the very beginning of the legend is portrayed as a passive, typical lady of the court. In stanza four, the author describes Guinevere almost as a trophy or ornament of the court: "Queen Guinevere very gaily was gathered among them/....The prettiest lady that one may describe/She gleamed there with eyes of grey/To have seen one fairer to the sight/That no one could truly say" (74-84). Guinevere does not take an active role in the court. She does not have speaking role and basically just sits among the knights of the Round Table. Her passivity and silence could be the result of medieval anti-feminism. According to Bloch in medieval times what a woman wants is to speak. Medieval authors such as Andreas Capellanus, the supposed author of The Art of Courtly Love writes, "Furthermore, not only is every woman by nature a miser, but she is also envious, and a slanderer of other women......fickle in her speech,....a li... ... because of her beauty. And Morgan leafy while she might be an all-powerful sorcerer, she is a ultimately a manipulator and scapegoat. Works Cited: Bloch, R. Howard. Medieval Misogyny and the Invention of Western Romantic Love. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. Works Consulted: Bennett, Michael J.   "The Historical Background" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 71-90.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997. Putter, Ad.   An Introduction to the Gawain-poet.   New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. Riddy, Felicity.   "Jewels in Pearl" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 142-55.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997.